UMB is Maryland’s only public university focused on health, law, and human services education. Its graduates become physicians, nurses, pharmacists, lawyers, dentists, and social workers who serve communities across the state and beyond. In 2018, UMB began a project to look at how costs and funding affect student access to UMB programs for people across Maryland’s regions and income levels.

UMB partnered with HelioCampus to better understand a central question: Are UMB graduate programs financially affordable for the students who pursue them?

This work focused on connecting student debt with future earnings and repayment outcomes across different programs.

Why Affordability Matters

Graduate and professional degrees in fields like medicine, dentistry, nursing, law, and social work often require significant financial investment.

At the same time, these degrees are intended to lead to stable, higher-paying careers. This creates an important question: Can graduates realistically pay back their education costs using the earnings from their chosen field?

UMB’s goal was not only to measure tuition costs, but to understand whether graduates can realistically manage their debt based on their future earnings.

What the Study Examined

The analysis looked at approximately 1,000 UMB graduates across multiple programs, using:

  • Debt at graduation
  • Estimated post-graduation earnings
  • Repayment patterns over time
  • Differences across academic programs
  • Differences by geography and cost of living

Findings

Across most fields, graduates are generally able to repay their loans over a 10–20 year period. Programs with stronger earning potential (such as pharmacy and dentistry) tend to show more reliable repayment outcomes, even when debt levels are high.

While debt levels can be high at graduation, repayment patterns suggest that many graduates do eventually manage their obligations.

Some important differences emerged across fields:

  • Pharmacy and nursing tend to show stronger repayment outcomes, supported by steady earnings and moderate debt levels.
  • Medicine, dentistry, and law carry higher debt but also higher earning potential, which helps balance repayment over time.
  • Social work (MSW) consistently shows more financial strain, with lower earnings relative to debt and slower repayment.

This means affordability is not just about tuition. It depends heavily on the relationship between debt and future salary.

One of the clearest findings is that geography plays a major role in affordability. Higher-wage regions tend to support faster repayment, while lower-wage regions (including some parts of Maryland) can make repayment more difficult even if living costs are lower.

In other words, the same degree can be more or less affordable depending on where a graduate builds their career.

Some graduates increased their debt after finishing their degree. This appears in a minority of cases and may be linked to:

  • additional education or credentials
  • career transitions
  • or financial restructuring early in a career

The analysis also found persistent differences in debt levels across demographic groups. In several programs, African American graduates were more likely to graduate with higher levels of debt than their peers.

This does not necessarily reflect differences in program quality or outcomes, but it does highlight broader structural issues in how students finance their education.

What this Means for UMB

Overall, the study suggests:

  • Most UMB programs appear broadly affordable over a long-term repayment horizon, based on modeled debt and earnings outcomes.
  • Affordability varies meaningfully by program, geography, and student characteristics.
  • Some programs, particularly social work, show weaker affordability signals due to lower earnings relative to debt levels.

Affordability depends on the interaction between debt, earnings, geography, and time, and can look very different depending on the program and the student’s career path.

Looking Ahead

The study highlights that more complete and consistent longitudinal wage and employment data would improve future affordability analysis.

Better tracking of post-graduation outcomes would allow for a clearer understanding of how affordability changes over time and across career paths.

These types of analyses can support institutional decision-making in areas such as student financial support and program evaluation.

Archived Resources

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UMB Affordability Presentation

UMB Affordability Study Phase 1 Report

UMB Affordability Study Phase 2 Report

UMB Affordability - A Case Study