Managing relationships with external partners is an important part of administering sponsored projects. Understanding the difference between subrecipients and vendors, and knowing your responsibilities for oversight and compliance, helps ensure smooth project management and adherence to sponsor and University requirements.

A key step in managing external partners on sponsored projects is determining whether an entity receiving award funds from UMB is a subrecipient or a vendor.

UMB, as the pass-through entity (prime applicant or awardee), is responsible for classifying each arrangement. The classification is based on the nature of the agreement and the criteria in 2 CFR §200.331. This determination is made at the proposal stage and reviewed again before any subaward or procurement is initiated.

Use the Subrecipient or Vendor Checklist to guide your determination.

Subrecipient vs Vendor

Feature / Characteristic Subrecipient Vendor
Nature of work Performs substantive project work; significant portion of the award activities Meets only the requirements of the procurement contract
Deliverables Quantity, quality, or characteristics of end-products not specified in advance; may only produce reports End-products or deliverables specified in advance in terms of quantity, quality, or other characteristics
Services or products Provides unique services or products Provides goods/services within normal business operations; similar products for many purchasers
Decision-making Has programmatic decision-making responsibility Performs routine or repetitive services; little discretionary judgment
Proposal involvement Usually cooperates with UMB PI in developing proposal Typically not involved in proposal development
Payment basis Cost-reimbursement (based on actual project costs) Fixed-price for delivered goods/services
Role in publications Investigators often co-authors on resulting articles Not involved in project publications
Compliance requirements Subject to federal/sponsor compliance and UMB oversight Not subject to sponsored program compliance requirements
Agreements Subrecipient agreements issued by SPA Purchase orders issued by SSAS

Contracting with Individuals

UMB usually does not issue subawards to individuals. A consultant agreement is issued by Strategic Sourcing and Acquisition Services (SSAS).

For additional guidance on collaborators, review Roles and Responsibilities under Proposal Development.

Related Areas of the Research Lifecycle

  • Budget

    How an entity is classified as a subrecipient or vendor affects the project budget. Subaward costs, milestone payments, and allowable expenses must be properly accounted for to avoid misallocations or sponsor audit findings.

  • Proposal Development

    Classification should occur during proposal development to define roles, scope of work, and responsibilities. Proper classification ensures the proposal reflects the project plan accurately and meets sponsor requirements.

  • Research Compliance

    Subrecipients are subject to federal, sponsor, and UMB compliance requirements (financial, human subjects, animal research, export controls), whereas vendors are not. Misclassification can create compliance risks or audit issues.