Accessibility matters in social media. Because they are designed to reach a large audience, social posts inevitably reach individuals with disabilities. Social platforms also change frequently — what is accessible today might not be tomorrow. For these reasons, it is important to build accessibility into the University of Maryland, Baltimore’s (UMB) social media strategy from the start.

Social media platforms are constantly evolving and often have accessibility gaps (e.g., limited caption tools, no alt text in certain features, clunky scheduling). These limitations don’t remove UMB’s legal obligation to provide accessible content. Instead, we must find solutions to achieve effective communication, the Americans with Disabilities Act’s (ADA) core requirement.

This guide provides strategies for common barriers (emojis, captions, links, stories, scheduling software, etc.) so UMB content remains compliant and inclusive.

This Guide Applies to:

  • Central and school-level official UMB accounts (programs, departments, offices, centers)
  • Scheduling and publishing tools (Sprout, Hootsuite, Buffer, etc.)
  • Creative tools (Canva, Adobe Creative Cloud)
  • Recognized Student Organizations (RSOs)

Independent student-run accounts are encouraged, though not required, to follow these guidelines.

Students may lack training/resources to post accessibly. Provide RSOs with templates (accessible Canva graphics, captioning guides, alt text how-to’s). If RSOs post inaccessible content, ensure that the same information exists in an accessible format (e.g., event page on UMB website).

General Standards

Posts must meet WCAG 2.1 Level AA where technically possible.

If platforms limit accessibility (e.g., Instagram Stories), provide accessible alternatives (captioned YouTube video, transcript on website).

Always ask: “How would this content be accessed by someone who cannot see, hear, or use a mouse?”

Captions

Provide accessible captions for video content. Captions must be at least 99 percent accurate, and follow the correct format.

Learn More About Captions

Audio Description for Video

Under WCAG 2.1 Level AA, prerecorded video content must include audio description when important visual information is not otherwise provided through narration or dialogue. Audio description ensures that individuals who are blind or have low vision can access the same information conveyed visually in a video.

Learn More About Audio Description for Video

Alt Text

Alternative (alt) text is required for all images where supported. Read the accessibility fundamentals to learn the basics of writing effective alt text, which should describe the essential content and function of the image.

Some features (Instagram Stories, LinkedIn multi-image posts) don’t allow alt text. When alt text fields aren't available, write descriptive image details in the post copy itself. Also consider creating an accessible companion post or webpage with full image descriptions, and link to that.

In Canva and other tools: Use built-in alt text checkers. AI tools may help draft alt text, but always review for clarity and accuracy.

Emoji

Limit emoji use. Screen readers read them aloud literally (“Smiling face with open mouth, smiling eyes”), which can disrupt comprehension.

Place emojis at the end of sentences, not in the middle of text. Precede emoji with a word for context (e.g., “Smile 🙂” not just 🙂). Do not use emojis to replace words critical to meaning. If tone matters, convey emotion with words first, emoji second.

Color Contrast

All text/images must meet at least a 4.5:1 contrast ratio. Use UMB’s Color Contrast Checker or other tools such as the TPGI Colour Contrast Checker or Canva’s built-in contrast checker. Add solid color backgrounds behind text overlays. Repeat key text in the caption if contrast can’t be fixed.

Scheduling Tools

Scheduling tools are widely used to streamline posting, but they also introduce accessibility risks if not configured properly.

Using a scheduler (Hootsuite/Sprout Social, etc.) is allowed as long as the version posted on each platform is accessible. If the scheduler cannot preserve a required accessibility feature for that platform (e.g., caption file upload, alt text fields), the social media creator must take corrective action.

Learn More About Scheduling Tools

Links

Avoid long, messy URLs or vague text like “Click here.” Read the accessibility fundamentals to learn more about writing accessible link text.

Provide indicators in captions when linking media: For example, [Link], [PDF], or “(opens in new window).”

If using a link shortener (like Bitly), provide context: “UMB Research Report: bit.ly/UMBStudy (opens in new tab).” Screen readers may struggle with links used for tracking or shortened URLs.

QR codes

Avoid using QR codes. They have a low click-through rate and aren’t great for accessibility. Screen readers cannot “scan” a QR code embedded in an image. Additionally, most people consume social on mobile phones, and not all can long press on a QR code to open it.

If you must use  QR code, provide a text alternative. For example, “Scan the QR code or visit umaryland.edu/events to register.” Add the destination link directly in the post caption. Use branded, shortened URLs in addition to QR codes so that screen reader users have another way to access the resource.

In alt text, describe the QR code’s function, not just “QR code.” For example, “QR code linking to UMB’s Fall 2025 Open House registration page.”

Think of QR codes as supplemental, not the only path to information.

Instagram Link Limitations

Limitations with Instagram’s link functionality means we must be intentional about how we guide users to important information. By using accessible tools, cross‑posting to platforms that support clickable links, and avoiding practices like QR‑only graphics or outdated bio links, you can ensure that all audiences are equally supported.

Learn More About Instagram Link Limitations

Instagram Stories and TikTok

Instagram Stories and TikTok include no alt text options. Additionally, stickers, GIFs, or music may not be screen reader-friendly.

To circumvent these barriers, take the following actions:

Add text captions directly to Stories/Reels.

Narrate essential information verbally.

If visual-only, add context in the Story’s caption field or link to an accessible page.

Repost as a fully captioned video on YouTube or Facebook.

When In Doubt: Redundancy

If accessibility isn’t fully possible due to platform limitations:

  • Republish content in a more accessible channel (website, YouTube, Facebook post).
  • Link directly to that accessible version.
  • Document the effort — the Department of Justice looks for good faith and reasonable alternatives.

Quick Checklist

  • Add alt text (review AI suggestions)
  • Caption every video (99 percent accuracy)
  • Use SRT/VTT caption files when supported
  • Provide audio description (or integrated description) for prerecorded videos when visuals convey essential information not spoken aloud
  • Use CamelCase hashtags (capitalize the first letter of each word after the first, like the following example: exampleOfCamelCase)
  • Emojis at end of sentences, with context
  • Maintain 4.5:1 color contrast
  • Double-check scheduling tools preserve accessibility features
  • Provide accessible alternatives if needed
  • Document compliance efforts

UMB’s social media content must meet WCAG 2.1 AA. That means accurate captions, descriptive alt text, careful emoji use, color contrast, and accessible alternatives. When using scheduling tools, staff must confirm that accessibility features are preserved — otherwise, they must post natively or provide backups. Each school’s communications office is responsible for ensuring compliance across its accounts.

Resources