Accessibility matters in social media. Because they are designed to reach a large audience, social posts inevitably reach individuals with disabilities. Social platforms also change frequently — what is accessible today might not be tomorrow. For these reasons, it is important to build accessibility into the University of Maryland, Baltimore’s (UMB) social media strategy from the start.

Social media platforms are constantly evolving and often have accessibility gaps (e.g., limited caption tools, no alt text in certain features, clunky scheduling). These limitations don’t remove UMB’s legal obligation to provide accessible content. Instead, we must find solutions to achieve effective communication, the Americans with Disabilities Act’s (ADA) core requirement.

This guide provides strategies for common barriers (emojis, captions, links, stories, scheduling software, etc.) so UMB content remains compliant and inclusive.

This Guide Applies to:

  • Central and school-level official UMB accounts (programs, departments, offices, centers)
  • Scheduling and publishing tools (Sprout, Hootsuite, Buffer, etc.)
  • Creative tools (Canva, Adobe Creative Cloud)
  • Recognized Student Organizations (RSOs)

Independent student-run accounts are encouraged, though not required, to follow these guidelines.

Students may lack training/resources to post accessibly. Provide RSOs with templates (accessible Canva graphics, captioning guides, alt text how-to’s). If RSOs post inaccessible content, ensure that the same information exists in an accessible format (e.g., event page on UMB website).

General Standards

Posts must meet WCAG 2.1 Level AA where technically possible.

If platforms limit accessibility (e.g., Instagram Stories), provide accessible alternatives (captioned YouTube video, transcript on website).

Always ask: “How would this content be accessed by someone who cannot see, hear, or use a mouse?”

Captions

Provide accessible captions for video content. Captions must be at least 99 percent accurate, and follow the correct format.

Learn More About Captions

Audio Description for Video

Under WCAG 2.1 Level AA, prerecorded video content must include audio description when important visual information is not otherwise provided through narration or dialogue. Audio description ensures that individuals who are blind or have low vision can access the same information conveyed visually in a video.

Learn More About Audio Description for Video

Social Media Graphics

Social media graphics come with distinct accessibility considerations. Review our guidelines on alt text, color contrast, font size, usage of QR codes, and more.

Learn More About Social Media Graphics

Emoji

Limit emoji use. Screen readers read them aloud literally (“Smiling face with open mouth, smiling eyes”), which can disrupt comprehension.

Place emojis at the end of sentences, not in the middle of text. Precede emoji with a word for context (e.g., “Smile 🙂” not just 🙂). Do not use emojis to replace words critical to meaning. If tone matters, convey emotion with words first, emoji second.

Scheduling Tools

Scheduling tools are widely used to streamline posting, but they also introduce accessibility risks if not configured properly.

Using a scheduler (Hootsuite/Sprout Social, etc.) is allowed as long as the version posted on each platform is accessible. If the scheduler cannot preserve a required accessibility feature for that platform (e.g., caption file upload, alt text fields), the social media creator must take corrective action.

Learn More About Scheduling Tools

Links

Avoid long, messy URLs or vague text like “Click here.” Read the accessibility fundamentals to learn more about writing accessible link text.

Provide indicators in captions when linking media: For example, [Link], [PDF], or “(opens in new window).”

If using a link shortener (like Bitly), provide context: “UMB Research Report: bit.ly/UMBStudy (opens in new tab).” Screen readers may struggle with links used for tracking or shortened URLs.

Instagram and TikTok

Our guidance highlights a selection of accessibility challenges that are specific to Instagram and TikTok. Understanding these constraints, and how to address them, helps ensure your content still meets effective communication and accessibility standards.

Learn More About Instagram and TikTok

When In Doubt: Redundancy

If accessibility isn’t fully possible due to platform limitations:

  • Republish content in a more accessible channel (website, YouTube, Facebook post).
  • Link directly to that accessible version.
  • Document the effort — the Department of Justice looks for good faith and reasonable alternatives.

Accessibility Checklists

  • Social Media Accessibility Checklist

    Use the UMB Social Media Accessibility Checklist to ensure that your social media posts meet WCAG 2.1 Level AA guidelines before publishing.

  • High-Risk Video Content Checklist

    Use the UMB High-Risk Video Content Checklist to triage your existing videos that primarily live on YouTube or are embedded on the UMB website using another video player.

UMB’s social media content must meet WCAG 2.1 AA. That means accurate captions, descriptive alt text, careful emoji use, color contrast, and accessible alternatives. When using scheduling tools, staff must confirm that accessibility features are preserved — otherwise, they must post natively or provide backups. Each school’s communications office is responsible for ensuring compliance across its accounts.


Share Your Success and Help Your Peers

Request to join the virtual Social Media Committee by emailing social@umaryland.edu