Research

Research Aligned with Action

At PALLA, our research informs and strengthens every aspect of our work. Housed within the University of Maryland Graduate School, PALLA conducts applied research focused on PA education, workforce development, faculty advancement, and health care access. Our studies explore effective teaching practices, preceptor models, leadership development, and strategies to address the growing PA shortage—particularly in rural and underserved communities.

By translating data into action, PALLA ensures its fellowships, training programs, and policy initiatives are grounded in evidence and aligned with Maryland’s evolving healthcare needs. Through publications, statewide surveys, and collaborative evaluation projects, PALLA continues to shape the future of PA education and contribute to broader health workforce policy and innovation.

Publications

The following is a list of research publications to which PALLA faculty members have contributed.

Education

• Hussen, A., Kayingo, G. et al. Exploring the Landscape of Physician Assistant/Associate–Specific Doctoral Education in the United States: A National Program Survey. JPAE, May 9, 2025. | DOI: 10.1097/JPA.0000000000000675 
• Martin, A. E. R., & Kayingo, G. (2025). Doctoral education for physician assistants/associates: trends and characteristics in the US. BMC Medical Education, 25(1), 2.
• Bonilla-Silva, E., Haozous, E. A., Kayingo, G., McDade, W., Meeks, L., Núñez, A., ... & Sukhera, J. (2024). Reimagining Medical Education: The Future of Health Equity and Social Justice-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
• Young, P. A., Griffith, C. F., Ticknor, I. L., McElroy-Brooklyn, J., DiRuggiero, D., Bae, G. H., ... & Kayingo, G. (2024). Diversity of PA cohorts during the evolution to an entry-level master's degree. JAAPA, 37(2), 1-6.
• Klein, A., Schrode, K., Kibe, L., & Kayingo, G. (2023). Reasons clinical education directors intend to leave their jobs. BMC medical education, 23(1), 132.
• Cawley, J. F., Kayingo, G., & Kulo, V. (2023). Whither the PA doctorate?. JAAPA, 36(2), 1-6.
• Kayingo, G. (Eds.). (2023). Emerging infectious diseases, an Issue of Physician Assistant Clinics, E-Book, Elsevier Health Sciences.
• Kayingo, G., Gordes, K. L., Fleming, S., & Cawley, J. F. (2023). Thinking Outside the Box: Advancing Clinical Education in an Era of Preceptor Shortage. The Journal of Physician Assistant Education, 34(2), 135-141.
• Gordes, K., Kayingo, G., Kulo, V., Fleming, S., & Cawley, J. F. (2022). Broadening the Discussion Beyond the Impact of Hybrid Learning. The Journal of Physician Assistant Education, 33(1), 1-2.
• Kibe, L. W., & Kayingo, G. (Eds.). (2024). Advances in Patient Education: An Integrated Approach, An Issue of Physician Assistant Clinics, E-Book: Advances in Patient Education: An Integrated Approach, An Issue of Physician Assistant Clinics, E-Book (Vol. 9, No. 4). Elsevier Health Sciences.
• Kayingo, G., Kibe, L., Venzon, A., Gordes, K. L., & Cawley, J. F. (2022). Assessing demand for doctoral-prepared PA faculty: a five-year longitudinal study. BMC Medical Education, 22(1), 1-8.
• Fleming, S., Bunnell, D. J., McGinnis, J. P., Kulo, V., Gordes, K. L., Jun, H. J., & Kayingo, G. (2022). Optimizing clinical education: An innovative telehealth education model. JAAPA: Official Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants, 35(12), 1-1.
• Stokes-Francis, B., Jun, H. J., & Kayingo, G. (2022). Incorporating medication-assisted treatment and telehealth resources in PA curriculum. JAAPA, 35(12), 1.
• Ackerman-Barger, K., London, M., Yi, A., Wilson, M., Fine, J., & Kayingo, G. (2022). Understanding early admission processes: Implications for physician assistant workforce diversity and healthcare equity. The Journal of Physician Assistant Education, 33(2), 119-121.
• Fleming, S., Gordes, K. L., Cawley, J. F., Kulo, V., Hagar, E., Jun, H. J., ... & Kayingo, G. (2022). Advancing Telehealth Competency in Physician Assistant Education: Stakeholder Perspectives and a Curricular Model for PA Programs. The Journal of Physician Assistant Education, 10-1097. 
• Kibe, L. W., Kayingo, G., Schrode, K. M., & Klein, A. (2022). Academic leadership in physician assistant/associate medical education: a cross-sectional analysis of the association with doctoral degree, gender, and minority status. BMC medical education, 22(1), 1-8.
• Gordes, K. L., Fleming, S., Kulo, V., Cawley, J. F., Kibe, L., & Kayingo, G. (2022). An exploration into the physician assistant entry-level doctoral degree: lessons learned from across health professions. The Journal of Physician Assistant Education, 33(1), 24-33.
• Jun, H. J., Gordes, K. L., Fleming, S., Kulo, V., Cawley, J. F., & Kayingo, G. (2022). Developing and evaluating an instrument to assess perceptions of an entry-level physician associate doctoral degree. BMC medical education, 22(1),1-13.
• Bradley-Guidry, C., Burwell, N., Dorough, R., Bester, V., Kayingo, G., & Suzuki, S. (2022). An assessment of physician assistant student diversity in the United States: a snapshot for the healthcare workforce. BMC medical education, 22(1), 1-12.
• Kidd, V. D., Spisak, J. M., Vanderlinden, S., & Kayingo, G. (2022). A survey of implicit bias training in physician assistant and nurse practitioner postgraduate fellowship/residency programs. BMC Medical Education, 22(1), 1-8.

Clinical

• Kayingo, G. (2025). From Knowledge to Practice: Your Path to Excellence in Cardiovascular Medicine. Physician Assistant Clinics.
• Kayingo, G. (2025). Navigating Urologic Challenges: A Concise Guide for Physician Assistants in Primary and Specialty Care. Physician Assistant Clinics.
• Kayingo, G. (2025). Current Neurology Across the Life Span. Physician Assistant Clinics, 10(1), xiii.
• Gordes, K. L., Cawley, J. F., Kulo, V., Fleming, S., & Kayingo, G. (2024). Reimagining Faculty Development: A 5- Year Journey of Outcomes and Lessons Learned of a Physician Assistant Faculty Fellowship. The Journal of Physician Assistant Education, 35(3), 282-286.
• Luu, B., Wijesinghe, S., Kassem, T., Lien, J., Luu, D., Wijesinghe, R., ... & Kayingo, G. (2023). Drugs in primary care that may alter COVID-19 risk and severity. JAAPA, 36(5), 28-33.
• Lincoln, J., Kayingo, G., & Cawley, J. F. (2022). Trends in state and national professional practice compliance among PAs, 2018-2020. JAAPA: Official Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants, 35(12), 1-1.
• Hooker, R. S., Kulo, V., Kayingo, G., Jun, H. J., & Cawley, J. F. (2022). Forecasting the physician assistant/associate workforce: 2020–2035. Future Healthcare Journal, 9(1), 57.
• Kayingo, G., & Hass, V. M. (2022). Chronic care perspectives. Ballweg's Physician Assistant: A Guide to Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier.
• Hain, D. J., & Bakerjian, D. (Eds.). (2022). Textbook of Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Nursing: Evidence-Based Patient Care for Adolescents to Older Adults. Springer Publishing Company
• Kayingo, G., Bradley-Guidry, C., Burwell, N., Suzuki, S., Dorough, R., & Bester, V. (2022). Assessing and benchmarking equity, diversity, and inclusion in healthcare professions. JAAPA, 35(11), 51-54.

Accreditation

• Kayingo, G., Gordes, K. L., Kulo, V., & Cawley, J. F. (2022). Accreditation in the Health Professions: Implications for Physician Assistant Education. The Journal of Physician Assistant Education, 33(4), 318-324.
• Kulo, V., Kayingo, G., Ermer, E., Hagar, E., Gordes, K. L., Fleming, S., ... & Cawley, J. F. (2022). Symposium on Program Accreditation in Physician Assistant Education: Lessons Learned. The Journal of Physician Assistant Education, 33(2), 148-151.